Admissions Information

Welcome students with backgrounds in optoelectronics, electronics, materials, physics, chemistry, etc., to apply for master's and doctoral programs

Team member Dr. ZHANG Jia (Fudan University Institute of Optoelectronics) has two master's openings each year; applications are welcome

Introduction to Dr. ZHANG Jia: https://ioe.fudan.edu.cn/b2/43/c45638a635459/page.htm

Research Fields

Intelligent high-throughput automated experimental systems

AI-assisted research on new semiconductor optoelectronic materials and devices

Organic or organic-inorganic hybrid thin-film solar cells

Novel flexible electronic devices based on organic semiconductors or inorganic nanomaterials

Application of novel intelligent sensors

Novel memristors and their neural network applications

Research Projects

As Principal Investigator or Sub-project Principal Investigator, undertook over 20 National and Shanghai municipal fund projects:

Intergovernmental International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Project of the National Key R&D Program, Ministry of Science and Technology (2022YFE0137400): Research on high-efficiency perovskite photovoltaic devices based on functionalized carbon materials, April 2023 to March 2025, 2 million RMB, Principal Investigator

JKW XXX Project (223-CXCY-XXXXXX): Research on XXX perovskite solar cell technology, January 2023 to December 2024, 2.8 million RMB, Principal Investigator

National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program (62274040): Mechanism of ferroelectric polarization regulating optoelectronic properties of perovskite semiconductors and its application in photovoltaic devices, January 2023 to December 2026, 530,000 RMB, Principal Investigator

University-Enterprise Joint Laboratory of Perovskite Photovoltaic Technology, October 2022 to September 2025, 12 million RMB, Principal Investigator

In-situ real-time spectral detection system for large-area perovskite films oriented to slot-die coating, September 2024 to August 2026, 3 million RMB, Principal Investigator

Shanghai Basic Research Project for Science and Technology Innovation (17JC1401300): Basic device research on brain-inspired intelligent networks based on flexible artificial synapses, 2017-2019, 1 million RMB, Principal Investigator

Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (17ZR1402100): Photodetector devices based on novel organic-inorganic perovskite materials, 2017-2020, 200,000 RMB, Principal Investigator

Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project (SAT2017-081): Surface plasmon enhanced organic photodetectors, 2017-2019, 200,000 RMB, Principal Investigator

Sino-Belarusian Cooperation Project under the Intergovernmental International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Key Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology (2016YFE0110700): Nano-silicon stacked and superlattice light-emitting films and devices, 2016-2018, 700,000 RMB (Total 2.34 million RMB), Principal Investigator

National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program (61774046): Key technologies for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells, 2018-2021, 670,000 RMB, Principal Investigator

Common Technology and Key Fund Project of the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission (41421010201): Large-area compound semiconductor thin-film solar cell technology on flexible substrates, 2017-2020, 4.24 million RMB, Principal Investigator

National Natural Science Foundation of China Young Scientists Fund (11104037): Interface analysis and modification of organic spintronic devices, 2012-2014, 300,000 RMB, Principal Investigator

Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program (12PJ1401300): Organic spintronic devices, 2012-2014, 200,000 RMB, Principal Investigator

Swedish Research Council Link Project (348-2011-7307): Spin injection in hybrid organic semiconductor spintronics, 2012-2014, 360,000 RMB (Total 680,000 RMB), Principal Investigator

Sub-project of the National 863 Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology (2011AA100701): Food safety intelligent packaging technology, 2011-2013, 3 million RMB (Total 80 million RMB), Sub-project Principal Investigator

National Natural Science Foundation of China Key Program (11134002): Experimental and theoretical research on exciton and carrier behavior in organic solar cells, 2012-2016, 1.6 million RMB (Total 3.2 million RMB), Sub-project Principal Investigator

Scientific Research Start-up Fund for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, Ministry of Education: Organic electronic devices, 2013-2014, 30,000 RMB, Principal Investigator

Long engaged in research on organic and organic-inorganic hybrid semiconductor optoelectronic devices, AI-assisted research on semiconductor optoelectronic materials and devices, and flexible electronics. Has published more than 150 papers in SCI-indexed journals including Science, Joule, Adv. Mater., Light: Science & Applications and ACS Energy Letters, with over 4,000 citations. Results have been highlighted and reviewed multiple times in leading journals such as Science and Nature. As principal investigator, has led projects under the MOST National Key R&D Programme, an XXX engineering project of the Central Military Commission Science and Technology Committee, common-technology projects of the Equipment Development Department, NSFC grants, and the Shanghai Innovation Action Plan. Has been invited to serve as an international evaluation expert for the US Department of Energy (DOE), the European Research Council (ERC), the Polish National Science Centre, the National Council for Development and Innovation of Romania, and the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong; has served as editorial board member of journals such as APL Energy and The Innovation: Energy. Currently a council member of the Shanghai Electronics Society, a standing committee member of the Space Electronics Committee of the Chinese Institute of Electronics, a committee member of the Solar Materials Committee of the Chinese Materials Research Society, and a committee member of the Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Committee of the China Society for Imaging Science and Technology.

Top 10 Zhong Yang-style Research Team Leaders of Fudan University 2022

May 4th Youth Medal of Fudan University 2023

Top 10 "Three Goods" Postgraduate Mentoring Teams of Fudan University 2023

September 1996 to July 2000 B.Sc. in Science, Department of Physics, Fudan University

September 2000 to July 2005 Ph.D. in Science, Department of Physics, Fudan University

September 2005 to March 2007 Postdoctoral Researcher, CNR ISMN, Italy (Co-supervisor: Alek Dediu)

May 2007 to December 2010 Assistant Professor, IFM, Linköping University, Sweden

January 2011 to November 2016 Associate Researcher, School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University

December 2016 to Present Researcher, School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University

University Physics B; Organic Microelectronic Devices; Flexible Electronic Technology; Small-Size MOS Device Models for VLSI.

2024

1 Wang, Y. et al. Highly Oriented FAPbI3 via 2D Ruddlesden Popper Perovskite Template Growth. Advanced Energy Materials (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202401721

2 Wang, H. et al. Controlled dion-jacobson low-dimensional surface phase enables highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy 128, 109875 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.109875

3 Sun, H. et al. Optoelectronic synapses based on a triple cation perovskite and Al/MoO₃ interface for neuromorphic information processing. Nanoscale Advances 6 , 559-569 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1039/d3na00677h

4 Shi, Z. et al. Room Temperature Crystallized Phase‐Pure α‐FAPbI3 Perovskite with In‐Situ Grain‐Boundary Passivation. Advanced Science (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202400275

5 Liu, K. et al. Lead (Pb) Management in the Entire Life Cycle of Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Energy & Environmental Science (2024). https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee01829j

6 Zhang, Xin, Shengfan Wu, Hong Zhang * , Alex KY Jen * , Yiqiang Zhan*, and Junhao Chu. "Advances in inverted perovskite solar cells." Nature Photonics (2024): 1-11.

7 He, F. et al. Hydrophobic Electron‐Transport Layer for Efficient Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells. Advanced Functional Materials (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202405611

8 Cai, Y. et al. In-plane ferroelectric-reconfigured interface towards dual-modal intelligent vision. Next Nanotechnology 5 , 100052 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100052

9 Behrouznejad, F., Zhan, Y. & Taghavinia, N. UV Laser Scribing for Perovskite Solar Modules Fabrication, Pros, and Cons. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics , 1-10 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2024.3396515

10 Behrouznejad, F. et al. Modification of copper-based chalcogenide nanocrystals' interconnections for efficient hole transportation in Perovskite solar cell. Materials Research Bulletin 178 , 112892 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2024.112892

2023

11 Zhang, X. et al. Minimizing the Interface-Driven Losses in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules. ACS Energy Letters 8, 2532-2542 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00697

12 Zhang, X. et al. Surface Modulation via Conjugated Bithiophene Ammonium Salt for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15 , 46803-46811 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c08119

13 Xu, X. et al. Tunable Fabrication of MAPbX₃ Triangular‐Micro‐Wires Array for Constructing High Sensitivity Photodetector. Advanced Materials Technologies 8 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202300946

14 Wang, Y. et al. Intermediate Phase Free α‐FAPbI₃ Perovskite via Green Solvent Assisted Perovskite Single Crystal Redissolution Strategy. Advanced Materials 35 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202302298

15 Wang, H. et al. Green Solvent Polishing Enables Highly Efficient Quasi-2D Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15 , 36447-36456 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c08182

16 Tan, H., Du, L., Yang, F., Chu, W. & Zhan, Y. Two-dimensional materials in photonic integrated circuits: recent developments and future perspectives [Invited]. Chin. Opt. Lett. 21 , 110007 (2023).

17 Rafique, S. et al. Ultralow Thermal Conductivity Achieved by All Carbon Nanocomposites for Thermoelectric Applications. Advanced Electronic Materials 9 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202300023

18 Pan, Y. et al. An Ultrasensitive Sandwiched Heterostructure Planar Photodetector with Gradient Quasi‐2D Perovskite. Advanced Electronic Materials , 2201028 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202201028

19 Liu, K. et al. Covalent bonding strategy to enable non-volatile organic cation perovskite for highly stable and efficient solar cells. Joule 7, 1033-1050 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.03.019

20 Liu, K. et al. In Situ Cross‐Linking Strategy to Enable Highly Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Small 19 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202304189

21 Li, X. et al. Spectral response regulation strategy by downshifting materials to improve efficiency of flexible perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy 114, 108619 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108619

22 Li, T. et al. Alleviating the Crystallization Dynamics and Suppressing the Oxidation Process for Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Fill Factors Exceeding 80 Percent. Advanced Functional Materials (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202308457

23 jiang, C. et al. Ray theory-based compounded plane wave ultrasound imaging for aberration corrected transcranial imaging: Phantom experiments and simulations. Ultrasonics 135 , 107124 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107124

24 Hatamvand, M. et al. The role of different dopants of Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport material on the stability of perovskite solar cells: A mini review. Vacuum , 112076 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2023.112076

25 Feng, J. et al. An Energy-Efficient Flexible Multi-Modal Wireless Sweat Sensing System Based on Laser Induced Graphene. Sensors 23 , 4818 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104818

26 Deng, L. et al. Stabilizing Bottom Side of Perovskite via Preburying Cesium Formate toward Efficient and Stable Solar Cells. Advanced Functional Materials 33 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202303742

27 Cai, Y. et al. In-situ artificial retina with all-in-one reconfigurable photomemristor networks. npj Flexible Electronics 7 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-023-00262-3

28 Cai, X. et al. Discovery of All-Inorganic Lead-Free Perovskites with High Photovoltaic Performance via Ensemble Machine Learning. Materials Horizons (2023). https://doi.org/10.1039/d3mh00967j

29 Behrouznejad, F. et al. The fingerprint of charge transport mechanisms on the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency spectra of perovskite solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 253 , 112234 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2023.112234

30 Alias, N. et al. Air-Processable Perovskite Solar Cells by Hexamine Molecule Phase Stabilization. ACS Omega 8 , 18874-18881 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c01236

31 Ahmed, W. et al. ZnO intercalated into graphene oxide based 2-D binary composite for improved thermal properties using as a potential nanofluid. Journal of Molecular Liquids 391 , 123426 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2023.123426

32 Ahmed, W. et al. Preparation, applications, stability and improved thermal characteristics of sonochemically synthesized nanosuspension using varying heat exchangers, a Review. Journal of Molecular Liquids 387 , 122665 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2023.122665

2022

33 Zhang, X. et al. An Integrated Bulk and Surface Modification Strategy for Gas‐Quenched Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiencies Exceeding 22%. Solar RRL , 2200053 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202200053

34 Wang, Y. et al. Stabilizing α-phase FAPbI 3 solar cells. Journal of Semiconductors 43 , 040202-040202-040203 (2022).

35 Wang, H. et al. Band Alignment Boosts over 17% Efficiency Quasi-2D Perovskite Solar Cells via Bottom-Side Phase Manipulation. ACS Energy Letters 7, 3187-3196 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01453

36 Usman, M. et al. Facile synthesis of ironnickelcobalt ternary oxide (FNCO) mesoporous nanowires as electrode material for supercapacitor application. Journal of Materiomics 8 , 221-228 (2022).

37 Tangyao, S., Yiqiang, Z. & Lei, S. Time-resolved spectroscopy for the study of perovskite. Chinese Journal of Electronics 32 , 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2022.00.064

38 Song, W. et al. Critical Role of Perovskite Film Stoichiometry in Determining Solar Cell Operational Stability: a Study on the Effects of Volatile A-Cation Additives. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14 , 27922-27931 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c05241

39 Samanta, S. et al. Deep Dive into Lattice Dynamics and Phonon Anharmonicity for Intrinsically Low Thermal Expansion Coefficient in CuS. ChemNanoMat 8 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.202200238

40 Numan, A. et al. Advanced nanoengineered—customized point-of-care tools for prostate-specific antigen. Microchimica Acta 189 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-021-05127-y

41 Mehmood, S. et al. in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 103-136 (Elsevier, 2022).

42 Liu, F. et al. Highly Efficient and Stable Self‐Powered Mixed Tin‐Lead Perovskite Photodetector Used in Remote Wearable Health Monitoring Technology. Advanced Science 10, 2205879 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202205879

43 Liu, F. et al. New Lead-free Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Semiconductor Single Crystals for a UV–Vis–NIR Broadband Photodetector. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14 , 33850-33860 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c08116

44 Li, X. et al. Highly efficient flexible perovskite solar cells with vacuum-assisted low-temperature annealed SnO2 electron transport layer. Journal of Energy Chemistry 67, 1-7 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2021.09.021

45 Li, C., Rafique, S. & Zhan, Y. Synergy of Block Copolymers and Perovskites: Template Growth through Self-Assembly. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 13 , 11610-11621 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02983

46 Khan, Q. U., Begum, N., Khan, K., Rauf, M. & Zhan, Y. Novel Porphyrin–Perylene diimide for ultrafast high-performance resistive memory devices. Organic Electronics 103 , 106453 (2022).

47 Jiang, C., Liu, C., Zhan, Y. & Ta, D. The Spectrum-Beamformer for Conventional B-Mode Ultrasound Imaging System: Principle, Validation, and Robustness. Ultrasonic Imaging , 01617346221085184 (2022).

48 Deng, L. et al. Strain Release and Defect Passivation in Formamidinium-Dominated Perovskite via a Novel in-Plane Thermal Gradient Assisted Crystallization Strategy. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14 , 52007-52016 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c16247

49 Cai, Y. et al. Molecular ferroelectric/semiconductor interfacial memristors for artificial synapses. npj Flexible Electronics 6 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-022-00152-0

50 Cai, X. et al. Data-driven design of high-performance MASnxPb1-xI3 perovskite materials by machine learning and experimental realization. Light: Science & Applications 11 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-022-00924-3

2021

51 Zhang, H. et al. Highly Efficient 1D/3D Ferroelectric Perovskite Solar Cell. Advanced Functional Materials 31 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202100205

52 Zamanpour, F. et al. Fast Light-Cured TiO2 Layers for Low-Cost Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Applied Energy Materials 4 , 7800-7810 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.1c01168

53 Shahid, M. et al. Platinum doped titanium dioxide nanocomposite an efficient platform as anode material for methanol oxidation. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 15 , 6551-6561 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.11.077

54 Sagadevan, S. et al. Functionalized graphene-based nanocomposites for smart optoelectronic applications. Nanotechnology Reviews 10 , 605-635 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0043

55 Prathapani, S. & Zhan, Y. A Comprehensive Perspective on the Fabrication of CuGaSe2/Si Tandem Solar Cells. Energy Technology 9 , 2100193 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202100193

56 Numan, A. et al. Rationally engineered nanosensors: A novel strategy for the detection of heavy metal ions in the environment. Journal of Hazardous Materials , 124493 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124493

57 Li, C. et al. Highly Luminescent and Patternable Block Copolymer Templated 3D Perovskite Films. Advanced Materials Technologies , 2001209 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202001209

58 Hu, Z. et al. A hybrid self-growing polymer microtip for ultracompact and fast fiber humidity sensing. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 346 , 130462 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.130462

59 Ghavaminia, E. et al. Polyvinylcarbazole as an Efficient Interfacial Modifier for Low‐Cost Perovskite Solar Cells with CuInS2/Carbon Hole Collecting Electrode. Solar RRL (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202100074

60 Chen, W. et al. Improving the Efficiency of Hole-Conductor-Free Carbon-Based Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Long-Term Stability by Using the Hydrazine Acetate Additive via the One-Step Method. ACS Applied Electronic Materials 3 , 5211-5218 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.1c00596

61 Cai, X. et al. Discovery of Lead‐Free Perovskites for High‐Performance Solar Cells via Machine Learning: Ultrabroadband Absorption, Low Radiative Combination, and Enhanced Thermal Conductivities. Advanced Science 9, 2103648 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202103648

62 Begum, S. et al. Investigation of Morphology, Crystallinity, Thermal stability, Piezoelectricity and Conductivity of PVDF nanocomposites reinforced with Epoxy Functionalized MWCNTs. Composites Science and Technology , 108841 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108841

63 Alias, N. et al. Photoelectrical Dynamics Uplift in Perovskite Solar Cells by Atoms Thick 2D TiS2 Layer Passivation of TiO2 Nanograss Electron Transport Layer. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13 , 3051-3061 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c20137

64 Ahmed, I. et al. There is plenty of room at the top: generation of hot charge carriers and their applications in perovskite and other semiconductor-based optoelectronic devices. Light: Science & Applications 10 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-021-00609-3

2020

65 Yu, X. X. et al. Memory Devices via Unipolar Resistive Switching in Symmetric Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Nanoscale Heterolayers. Acs Applied Nano Materials 3 , 11889-11896 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.0c02457

66 Wang, H. et al. Extremely Low Dark Current MoS2 Photodetector via 2D Halide Perovskite as the Electron Reservoir. Advanced Optical Materials 8 , 1901402 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901402

67 Umar, A. A. et al. Enhancing the interfacial carrier dynamic in perovskite solar cells with an ultra-thin single-crystalline nanograss-like TiO2 electron transport layer. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, 13820-13831 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ta03176c

68 Singh, S. et al. Low-potential immunosensor-based detection of the vascular growth factor 165 (VEGF(165)) using the nanocomposite platform of cobalt metal-organic framework. Rsc Advances 10 , 27288-27296 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra03181j

69 Singh, S. et al. A novel highly efficient and ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of toxic mercury (II) ions in canned tuna fish and tap water based on a copper metal-organic framework. J Hazard Mater 399 , 123042 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123042

70 Shi, Z. J. et al. [(C8H17)(4)N](4)[SiW12O40] (TASiW-12)-Modified SnO(2)Electron Transport Layer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Solar Rrl 4, 2000406 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202000406

71 Shahid, M. M. et al. A glassy carbon electrode modified with tailored nanostructures of cobalt oxide for oxygen reduction reaction. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45 , 18850-18858 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.05.122

72 Pan, Y. Y. et al. Detection range extended 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite photodetectors. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8 , 3359-3366 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc06109f

73 Numan, A. et al. Facile sonochemical synthesis of 2D porous Co3O4 nanoflake for supercapattery. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 819 , 153019 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.153019

74 Malek, N. A. A. et al. Enhanced Charge Transfer in Atom Thick 2H–WS2 Nanosheets Electron Transport Layers of Perovskite Solar Cells. Solar RRL 4 , 2000260 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202000260

75 Lu, H. Z. et al. Vapor-assisted deposition of highly efficient, stable black-phase FAPbI(3) perovskite solar cells. Science 370, 74 eabb8985 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb8985

76 Hatamvand, M. et al. Recent advances in fiber-shaped and planar-shaped textile solar cells. Nano Energy 71 , 104609 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104609

77 Forouzandeh, M. et al. Effect of indium ratio in CuInxGa1-xS2/carbon hole collecting electrode for perovskite solar cells. Journal of Power Sources 475 , 228658 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228658

78 Behrouznejad, F. et al. Effective Carbon Composite Electrode for Low-Cost Perovskite Solar Cell with Inorganic CuIn0.75Ga0.25S2 Hole Transport Material. Solar RRL 4 , 1900564 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201900564

79 Abd Malek, N. A. et al. Ultra-thin MoS2 nanosheet for electron transport layer of perovskite solar cells. Optical Materials 104 , 109933 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2020.109933